Lemon Plant Description

Scientific Name: Citrus limon
Family: Rutaceae
Tamil Name: எலுமிச்சை (Elumichai)

Tree Characteristics

• Height: Typically 3–6 meters (10–20 feet) tall; can grow taller under ideal conditions.

• Crown: Dense, bushy canopy with a spreading habit.

• Bark: Thin, smooth, greenish to brownish, may become warty in older trees.

Leaves

• Shape: Elliptical or lance-shaped, pointed tip, serrated margins.

• Size: 5–10 cm (2–4 inches) long, 2–5 cm (0.8–2 inches) wide.

• Color: Dark green and glossy on top, lighter green underneath; new leaves are often reddish or purple.

Flowers

• Structure: Small, star-shaped with five white or pale pink petals.

• Size: About 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 inches) in diameter.

• Blooming Period: Can bloom several times a year, usually in spring and summer.

Fruit

• Shape: Oval or round.

• Size: Typically 5–8 cm (2–3 inches) in diameter.

• Color: Bright yellow when ripe.

• Skin: Thick, textured, with a bumpy surface; aromatic and contains essential oils.

• Flesh: Juicy, tart, pale yellow, segmented.

• Seeds: Contains several small, oval seeds.

Growing Conditions

• Climate: Thrives in subtropical to tropical climates with ample sunshine. Sensitive to frost; often grown in pots in temperate regions.

• Soil: Prefers well-drained sandy-loam soil with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0–7.0).

• Watering: Requires regular watering; avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.

Uses

• Culinary: Used for juice, zest, and pulp in cooking, baking, and beverages. Adds flavor to dishes, sauces, and dressings.

• Medicinal: High in vitamin C; boosts immunity, has antibacterial and antiviral properties, aids digestion.

• Household: Used in cleaning products and cosmetics for its antibacterial properties and pleasant scent.

Pests and Diseases

• Common Pests: Aphids, spider mites, scale insects.

• Diseases: Citrus greening (Huanglongbing), fungal infections (sooty mold), bacterial infections (citrus canker). Proper care and sanitation are essential for management.